Vn head combustion chamber volume. These were an excellent performance head.

Vn head combustion chamber volume 60" Valve stem diameter: 5/16" Valve guides: Manganese bronze Deck thickness: 11/16" (extra thick) Valve spring diameter: 1. This builds more torque at low rpm. Apr 20, 2010 · Material: Aluminimum Part Number: 12480090 Combustion Chamber Volume: <30cc Compression Ratio: Intake Port Volume: Exhaust Port Volume: 70cc Head to Block Fitment Because of their comparatively small bores - 3. As such, it should be used for reference only. 5. A higher compression ratio Oct 5, 2024 · Related Questions Q: What is the importance of combustion chamber volume in engine design? A: The combustion chamber volume is important in engine design as it affects the engine’s power, efficiency, and emissions. Learn how to calculate displacement, compression ratios & more. The Edelbrock #61385 Performer RPM head is perfect for street performance, daily drivers, street rods and muscle cars where seat-of-the-pants performance is needed. It is very important to know your combustion chamber volume when building an engine so you can know your exact compression ratio or order the correct dome volume piston to get the compression ratio you desire. Following is a chart of compression ratios based on the most popular engine displacements and different sizes of combustion chambers (specified in cc’s). Primarily interested in the newer 28CC type heads. 8/351W) - Cylinder head combustion chamber volumes - Who knows (or can tell me where to find) the cylinder head combustion chamber volumes (head cc's) for Windsor heads for the various years? Seems I need to fix a 1969 302, and don't want to lose CR with later heads (to gain Feb 11, 2013 · Head combustion chamber volume. It is listed in cubic centimeters (cc). Piston Top Volume CC (FT-Dish -) (Dome +). There are two types of North American 351C 4-barrel heads: closed wedge chamber and open chamber. 500″ lift. Small runners increase the velocity of the air going into the chamber. May 18, 2008 · First of all, compression ratio is called a ratio for a reason. Apr 24, 2024 · – Chamber Size: The combustion chamber size of the E7TE heads ranges between 60. Apr 17, 2000 · Small Block V8 (221, 260, 289, 5. They also feature Number of Cylinders (4,6,8,10) Cylinder Bore Size (Inch). 020 -. ABHA 5000-9SX (Machined Injector Notches) "Proudly Aussie Made for Aussie Cars!" NOTE: Priced & Sold in pairs. Measure this with a dial indicator and magnetic base. A smaller cylinder head volume results in a higher compression ratio, which increases engine power and efficiency. A 68 cc chamber and 0. 1 cc ring land - 6 cc piston - 0. Engine Calculator - This form is designed to help you figure out engine specs for all engine types - not just VW. 89"-LS1 and LS engines can only use LS1, LS6 and LS2 heads. A larger combustion chamber volume will result in lower compression ratios, which can lead to reduced power and efficiency. May 15, 2003 · The current gen head gasket has an installed height of . WE THOUGHT YOU OUGHT TO KNOW This is not a how-to book. 44:1. 2 points (from 9. How is it measured? For aftermarket heads, the easiest way to find the chamber volume is to look it up online. I am looking at Trick Flow's TFS-51410004-M58 heads to beef up my engine a little bit. They also list the exhaust port volume but this is a spec you usually have to dig for. The total volume includes the swept volume (bore x stroke) and the clearance volume (piston dish/dome, deck, head gasket, and chamber volume). The only way to know for sure is to cc each individual head. About 1/2 to 1 point lower on '72 and up blocks. Does any one know if this is true, and if so was that the only difference between them? This "squished" volume would be made up of the combustion chamber volume, the volume that would fill the bore in the cylinder head gasket, and the volume that would fill the block to the level of the head gasket at TDC (mainly comprised of the dish in the piston. Feb 9, 2015 · The quoted combustion chamber volume for 4. The 351W cylinder head received the same dimensions (port and valve size) as the 302 head in 1978. The static volume is the chamber size, head gasket thickness, deck height, plus or minus any domes or dishes or valve pockets present. So, this alone will lower your CR unless you mill the head . It is essential for evaluating engine performance, efficiency, and fuel consumption. Randall The compression ratio calculator finds both the static and the dynamic compression ratio of your combustion engine. 100″ and 0. Sep 12, 2015 · FE & FT Big Block V8 (332, 352, 360, 390, 406, 410, 427, 428) - combustion chamber volume - Anybody know what it is for C6AE-R and D2TE-AA heads? Wondering if I could use the D2's on my '66 390 315hp engine without raising the compression any higher. just measured the chamber volume on my #518 max heads with the comp cams cc kit. 3:1). Measuring it Dec 20, 2024 · What is static compression ratio? It is the difference between the swept cylinder volume and the combustion chamber volume, and that's about it. It depends on what you use the engine for. Be sure to use your own actual measurements when making final calculations. This calculator is designed to show the different Compression Ratios for different sized engines. 5-1 compression with 76 cc heads, whats the difference going to be. 0/302, 5. These cylinder heads are designed to suit either EFI or carburetted Holden Commodore VN 5. 7cc) so there's quite a wide variation. "461" – Could be 3782461, or 3782461X. As a rule of thumb, milling the head . 64, so an actual measurement is needed. A SBC combustion chamber volume less than 64 CC is all that 93 octane pump gas can take. This is the size of the top of the piston. A major port job can open the runners up to around 135-140cc but it’s a lot of work and can . It is measured in cubic centimeters (cc). I have some doubts about the compression ratio as i cannot find anything conclusive as to the cc's of the standard heads (series 1). 020 DH will get you to 10. For example, A dished piston will increase the size of the chamber. Model years 1989-98 Holden VN Commodore 5. When you reduce clearance volume, you increase compression ratio. 75-inch drive-through intake ports designed for high RPM use. By considering the cylinder volume, compression ratio, and clearance volume, this tool gives an accurate estimation of the combustion chamber’s size. Oct 17, 2006 · Knowing combustion chamber volumes in the cylinder head ensures consistency among all the cylinders - Circle Track Magazine The volume of a cylinder head's combustion chamber is an incredibly important spec. Jan 30, 2013 · In the course of milling cylinder heads for a specific decrease in combustion chamber volume, it becomes necessary to know exactly how much a cylinder head must be milled for a 1cc (cubic centimeter) reduction. They do say that the VT heads suffer more from core shift though. The 351C-4V head has huge 2. Too small, and you might hurt the engine. These heads have double hump casting marks. 045 - . 030 drops it to 10. Will I get more power or torque with the smaller combustion chamber or the larger one?:confused::confused: Mar 16, 2010 · (#) It is necessary to measure the chamber volume for positive ID of these two different heads. 89:1 with: - 400 plus 0. Basically, you are comparing the swept volume to the static volume. The 79 head will have a chamber volume of 58cc - 62cc. So it has a positive volume (+). This is made up of the volume in the Cylinder Heads combustion chamber, any depression (dish) in the piston, and other minor volumes. The Edelbrock #61385 Performer RPM cylinder head is designed for use with 1989-98 Holden VN Commodore 5. And because less timing allows more efficient combustion, the Ls6 heads allow Aug 26, 2015 · The combustion chamber and the intake port volume. They also produced heads in cast iron or in aluminum to achieve different power output and performance. This is the 62- to 63-cc closed-chamber wedge head. 0610237 That’s a lot of numbers to remember and a VN STYLE EFI ALLOY CYLINDER HEADS P/No. 0L & 355 Stroker engines. I used the plexiglass method to cc two heads that were in my possession (as well as two sets of pistons). Click Oct 2, 2024 · Q: What is the purpose of calculating the combustion chamber volume? A: Calculating the combustion chamber volume is important for optimizing engine performance and efficiency. 0L Motors witht the VN or EFI Cylinder heads. Using 50+ years knowledge and experience developing race-winning cylinder heads including GMH’s XU-1 and L34 programmes - we’ve produced the ULTIMATE injected Holden V8 alloy cylinder head Brand: Speedmaster Part Number: PCE281. A This compression ratio calculator can be used to work out the compression ratio of your engine. We list the head volume in the way it affects the size of the combustion chamber. Home of the Mustang II and Lost Pony Gallery, The Message Exchange, and now The Official and Original Registry 2) Second is the combustion chamber volume at the top of the piston, when the piston is at top dead center (TDC). 2-58. 040" head gasket - 64 cc head chamber Changing the deck height to 0. The Mustang II Organization, Since 1997. 030?? Thanks in advance!! VN/VT heads: Was told the other day that the vt heads have a different chamber shape to the previous models. it came in at 88 cc's,after measuring twice,,according to my old Oct 23, 2013 · VW Cylinder Head Quick Reference Sheet Page: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Next Quick sort: Show newest posts on top | Show oldest posts on top View previous topic :: View next topic Jump to: You cannot post new topics in this forum You cannot reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in What is Combustion Chamber Volume? Definition and Description Combustion chamber volume is the size of the chamber in the head, where the valves are located. The pieces can be bought by professionals, professional amateurs, weekend hobbyists or rank beginners. Dave. The regular 461 casting was used between 1964-1966 and could be found on 327 engines. Nov 22, 2020 · You know how much displacement the engine has per cylinder, and if the compression ratio is known for the motor, you should be able to calculate the combustion chamber volume. 45" / 1. Jan 31, 2015 · Cylinder head combustion chambers are cc’d for the purpose of calculating compression ratios and to verify equal volume in each chamber. ” That’s why companies like Edelbrock and Trick Flow don’t limit testing to the flow bench. The standard inlet runner volume was still only around 105cc which created the flow problem mentioned. There are a number of ways to accomplish the task. Mar 23, 2025 · Why Combustion Volume Matters: Essential Knowledge for Engine Efficiency and Power Output Background Information Combustion volume refers to the space available in the combustion chamber when the piston reaches the top dead center (TDC). Fortunately, it’s easy to determine which group an unlisted cylinder head you may be looking at falls into. Mar 15, 2014 · C6 Corvette ZR1 & Z06 - CC Volume with . Cubic Inch Displacement: Compression Rati Proflow SuperMax Cylinder Heads, Aluminium, Holden Commodore VN EFI, Complete, 590 HP Out of Box, 63cc Chamber, 200cc Intake Runner, Pair - Proflow The Edelbrock 61389 Performer RPM cylinder head is used on the late model Holden V8, 304 308 5. Second, the stock 66 head has a chamber volume of 52cc - 55cc. Cylinder head volume directly affects the compression ratio, which is the ratio of the combustion chamber volume to the cylinder volume. . Jan 28, 2024 · Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐ Combustion Chamber Volume Formula for Mechanical Engineering This calculator provides the calculation of combustion chamber volume for an internal combustion engine. It plays a critical role in determining an engine's compression ratio, which directly impacts its efficiency and power output. May 17, 2008 · If I have 10. The new design also improved flame propagation, increasing power, and reducing emissions. I calculate 10. 15cc Compression Ratio: 9. With a 22kg weight saving. 027, but you might want to consider pop up pistons to raise the CR. These competition CNC ported & reconditioned Holden 304 Heads suits Holden VN Commodore 5. 02/1. 30" Valve spring Aug 7, 2002 · I think the new heads I recieved are 040s because the part # is 04010137513. Crankshaft Stroke (Inch). 030. 5:1, and cylinder heads with a combustion chamber volume of 58cc, plug in the following numbers: bore=94mm, stroke=84mm, combustion chamber volume=58cc and desired compression ratio=9. We'll use a Predator 212 hemi with a flattop piston sitting at zero deck when the crank is at top dead center as an example: Swept Volume = Displacement @ 212cc + Chamber Volume @ 22cc = 234cc 500HP plus PAVTEK Holden 308 304 5. The heads have been skimmed 010" and likewise the block has Performer RPM Aluminium Cylinder Head - Holden V8 VN style with carburettor, 195cc intake port, suit Flat tappet cam. Or keep it low and boost it? Lets compare the heads: Casting Number 706 / 862 Head: 1999+ LR4 4. Piston Top (Above +) or (Below -) Block Deck (Inch). Nov 12, 2003 · I am on the lookout for some 2v close chamber heads for a 302. Generally, most performance small-block heads used a 64-cc combustion chamber roughly Example: To determine the deck height required for a 2332cc engine with a compression ratio of 9. 60" valves, a 64CC combustion chamber, DO NOT have accessory holes, intake port volume of 161CC's, exhaust 62CC's. Aug 9, 2017 · Has anyone got a 273, 318, 340 J, 360 J LA cylinder head combustion chamber volume comparison chart or advice. This is the closed-style chamber as opposed to the “open” or smog-style chamber. 040" - 1. The 110 heads are completely different, though, and the chambers are much bigger. Cylinder Head Combustion Chamber Size (CC). Find Cylinder Heads 62 Combustion Chamber Volume (cc), In Stock Filter Options, Vendor In Stock Filter Options and get Free Shipping on Orders Over $109 at Summit Racing! To accommodate all these applications the heads were designed with different combustion chambers, valve sizes, and port dimensions. Explanation Calculation Example: The total combustion chamber volume is the sum of the cylinder head volume and the swept volume of the cylinder. Definition and Description Pistons are available with different head volumes. 0L applications. Jan 6, 2016 · The reason is simple: The more you squeeze the air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, the more power you can create. 050. The below data contains both measured AND advertised figures. You could have the chamber opened up a little Aug 16, 2015 · Hi I have started down a somewhat dubious path of chasing a few extra ponies from the ol vn block. Mar 12, 2019 · To find these two volumes, you'll need to measure: bore, stroke, combustion chamber volume, head gasket bore, head gasket compressed thickness, piston deck clearance, piston dome volume. Jun 13, 2015 · I understand that combustion chamber size for stock 289 '65 heads is between 52-55 cc's because of casting tolerances. Chamber size = measured cc x 0. 00:00 How chamber volume affects the compression ratio 04:32 How to equalize chamber volumes 10:00 Benefits of polishing What is up engine heads, today I'll show you how and why to equalize the OLD HEADS ARE HISTORY In making the 308, Holden simply increased the bore of the engine and put a dish in the piston to reduce compression while leaving the chamber volume as it was at about 58cc. Single complete When GM redesigned the small-block and introduced it in the 1997 Corvette, it set a whole new standard for the small-block Chevy, especially in terms of production head cylinder head flow and combustion chamber design. 020" deck height - 0. Another consideration in choosing the right 351W cylinder head is combustion chamber size. Is it true that among cleveland heads there are two combustion chamber sizes; one for the 302, the other for the 351? Is there any way to tell between these visually, or by a simple check e. Improving on the First Generation of CNC-Ported Milwaukee-Eight Cylinder Heads, the Screamin' Eagle team refined the intake and exhaust ports to maximize the flow of high-velocity air through the 1mm larger valves of 128CI and 131CI engines and fully machined the combustion chamber to optimize combustion efficiency. They come with ACR's to bleed pressure off due to the higher cylinder pressures caused by the increased displacement (as you said). Dec 27, 2017 · There is a variety of numbers that cylinder head designers and manufacturers will throw at you in spec sheets, such as valve diameter, valve guide diameter, valve angle, port volume, combustion chamber volume and more. Explanation Calculation Example: The combustion chamber volume is an important parameter in the design of an internal combustion engine. Jul 28, 2014 · Assuming 10cc lesser volume than 049/781s, if one had a flat top 454 that would normally finish near 8-1 CR with 781s/049s, would the resulting 8. If it's over 150cc it's the intake port volume, usually 165-225ish for an SBF. These were an excellent performance head. It’s basically a listing of currently avail able Ford Racing Performance Parts. A Combustion Volume Calculator is a tool used to determine the combustion chamber volume in an engine. Reconditioned and machined for screw in studs. Valve size, deck thickness and combustion chamber volume are often topics of discussion and qualify the design's Nov 14, 2012 · Example: 64 CC combustion chamber volume - 13 CC piston head volume = 51 CC chamber volume. In theory, forcing air and fuel in as small a combustion chamber as possible (measured in volume) will yield maximum engine compression and horsepower. This cylinder head is perfect for street performance use, daily drivers or when high-end performance is required. This calculation is crucial for engine tuning and What you need to know: The LS6 cylinder heads is essentially a tuned-up version of the LS1 head. TKS, R To raise compression ratio, the piston is “domed” (giving it a convex shape, similar to that of the combustion chamber). Using heads designed for larger engines will cause valve-to-block interference. Head Gasket Thickness (Inch). Feb 17, 2017 · hi guys. It operates best in the ranges of 1500 to 6500 RPM and can either be purchased in a bare or assembled variation. Mar 22, 2023 · Measuring your cylinder head's combustion chamber volume is a critical step to ensure that you have your desired compression ratio. 5-1 compression with 83 cc heads, or 10. The volume of a cylinder head's combustion chamber is an incredibly important spec. Since the elimination of leaded high octane pump gasoline, the domed piston in most street driven engines are a thing of the past. 2067 Part Type: Cylinder Head [Assembled] Cylinder Head Style: Assembled Cylinder Head Material: Aluminum Cylinder Head Finish: Natural Combustion Chamber Volume (cc): 64 cc CNC-Machined Combustion Chamber: No Intake Runner Volume (cc): 195 cc Exhaust Runner Volume (cc): n/a CNC-M Jul 31, 2009 · Variations on RV8 combustion chamber CCs by 92rrrandall » Fri Jul 31, 2009 5:10 pm When you CC the RV8 cyl heads, how much variation do you find in the combustion chamber sizes?? Just trying to determine if I should add this procedure to my usual head work. The Edelbrock Performer RPM head is perfect for street performance, daily drivers, street rods and muscle cars where seat-of-the-pants performance is needed. May 30, 2018 · Engine building math and calculations for optimal performance and power. Modifying an engine, be it a complete assembly or a bare block, requires The Edelbrock Performer RPM cylinder head is designed for use with 1989-98 Holden VN Commodore 5. This helps when calculating the compression ratio. They had 2. NISSAN Dec 15, 2009 · The stock 103 (police models, ultra limited) have the same combustion chambers as the 88/96 heads. Sep 23, 2006 · Ron's Pontiac Page: Stock Pontiac Head Specs In the early days of the small-block Chevy and for all engines up to perhaps the mid-1970s, the shape of the combustion chamber was merely a tub or vessel in which to contain the valves. Sep 1, 2002 · Most aspects of a cylinder head are relatively straightforward and easily grasped. Aug 8, 2024 · Combustion volume refers to the volume of the combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine when the piston is at the top dead center (TDC). The "X" castings had the same port configuration Sep 1, 2009 · CC'ing Heads — How To Measure Combustion Chamber Volume Measuring your cylinder head's combustion chamber volume is a critical step to ensure that you have your desired compression ratio. Little attention was given to the early small-block chambers other than the chamber volume’s affect on compression ratio. Sep 6, 2013 · Small Block Cylinder Heads CC's / Port Volume / Size / Flow 1966 - 1967 {273} Casting #2658920 Heart-Shaped Combustion Chamber Factory CC Nov 21, 2016 · {youtube}yqAr4DUqEt4{/youtube} If you want to figure out what your static compression ratio is, you're going to need to factor in combustion chamber volume or, CC the cylinder heads. g, measuring depth from the deck? thanks. It affects the engine’s power output, fuel consumption and emissions Sep 10, 2009 · Seems like about a dozen years ago, I had a copy of Chevy High Performance magazine that had a great chart in it that showed the runner volume, combustion chamber CC and other vital specs of SBC heads. Whenever you go to an aftermarket head, keep combustion chamber size in mind. Small runners are best for street cars. To determine the deck height required for a 2007cc engine with a compression ratio of 8. 0L heads of all years is 55. 0L engines applications. 030 Mill??? - Just wondering what the Combustion Chamber Volume is on the LS7 heads being Milled . 02" Exhaust valve diameter: 1. Nov 9, 2011 · The VT heads have the heart shaped combustion chambers which if i remember correctly means it's a few cc's less (more comp) then the VN-VS heads. 8 Litre Truck 1999+ LM4 /LM7 5. Head Gasket Bore (Inch). Take a look at the combustion chamber photo on this page. Dec 24, 2017 · The large combustion chambers were likely to blame, as the 10cc increase in chamber volume resulted in a drop of the static compression ratio by 1. Fully machined to accept any aftermarket 7/16" stud or shaft mount roller rockers. I cc'd them and with no head work, they appear to have the same combustion chamber volume as my 044s. The combustion chamber style is usually the giveaway. The 317 cylinder heads feature a distinctive intake port shape that resembles a cathedral and an exhaust port with a D-shape, coupled with a spacious combustion chamber that produces lower compression ratios. This volume is crucial for determining the engine’s compression ratio, which affects the engine’s efficiency and power output. A certain amount of automotive skill is assumed in presenting the parts. In this case, bigger is not always better. Stroker engines you cannot buy a better cylinder head anywhere or even attempt to modify a factory cast iron head to produce similar results for the cost of our 590 heads. Nov 5, 2009 · Combustion chamber volume comes in slightly smaller at 71 to 75 cc's 11 to 1+ compression ratio with 429 flat tops, or with the dished 460 pistons. 6-63. A fully developed unique combustion chamber design. 3 Litre Truck Material: Aluminimum Combustion Chamber Volume: 61. 55-1 ish CR from a 10cc smaller combustion space with the 820s be a better option? [assuming similar valve job, etc, etc]. The more efficient design shortens burn times and ultimately means less ignition timing advance is required to produce the same power. ) The new combustion chamber decreased quench area and the surface to volume ratio. 50×1. The compression ratio is the ratio between two elements: the gas volume in the cylinder with the piston at its highest point (top dead center of the stroke, TDC), and the gas volume with the piston at its lowest point (bottom dead center of the stroke, BDC) Diameter in mm Stroke in mm Compression ratio : 1 Deck height in mm Dec 18, 2002 · Larry do the open "open chamber" heads have more volume in the combustion chamber than the 70,71 and Boss head?. 5:1 Intake Port Volume: 200cc Exhaust Port Volume: 70cc Intake Valve Diameter Jun 1, 2024 · Highlights The cylinder head is filled with a known volume of liquid, and the amount of liquid remaining after displacement is measured. When you’re shopping for 351W cylinder heads, aim for 1969–1973 castings, which are the best heads for the 289/302. There are several conversions to choose from. 5mm, stroke=78mm, combustion chamber volume=56cc and desired compression ratio=8. 010 will reduce the chamber size by about 2cc. In this video master machinist Kevin Frische shows us how this process is done. Dec 15, 2016 · But in the case of the 100cc 60435 head, there's a catch: To reduce chamber volume from the normal 110cc Edelbrock chamber to 100 cc, Edelbrock rolls over (angle-mills) the head decks 1 degrees The 351C-4V head made the Cleveland famous for huge amounts of high-RPM horsepower and torque. Too big, and you are leaving compression on the table. May 7, 2019 · Cometic makes gaskets down to . 6 cc. Feb 18, 2011 · For the most part, measuring the volume of the combustion chamber on a cylinder head is a cinch and involves filling the chamber with a fluid (alcohol with food coloring) and taking note of the Jan 19, 2025 · Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐ Combustion Chamber Volume Calculation This calculator determines the total combustion chamber volume in an engine given the bore diameter, stroke length, and cylinder head volume. Sep 23, 2009 · Votec heads are advertised at 64cc and usually come in about that. Sold as a pair and are exchange required. Measuring it isn't hard, but you need to follow the right steps in order to get an accurate result. This reduces clearance volume at the top of the bore. Chevrolet Big Block Heads Combustion chamber types All early Chevy Big-Blocks used closed chambered heads. John Goddard Mon Feb 11, 2013 1:36 pm Nov 7, 2016 · Performer RPM head #61385 has port notched for EFI applications Cylinder Head Specifications: Combustion chamber volume: 62cc Intake runner volume: 195cc / 200cc Exhaust runner volume: 68cc Intake valve diameter: 2. If it's under 100cc (for some big blocks it could be more) it's the combustion chamber volume, usually these are 45-72ish for an SBF. 2cc (median value 56. This cylinder head delivers great throttle response and power from 1500 to 6500 rpm. – Port Volume: The factory port volume of the E7TE heads is 127cc on the intake side and 44cc on the exhaust side, with an average airflow of 125 CFM between 0. 5:1 to 8. 5:1, and cylinder heads with a combustion chamber volume of 56cc, plug in the following numbers: bore=90. Cylinder Heads - TP182 Dec 15, 2015 · We changed the combustion chamber shape, and that same head made 18 more horsepower, even though the flow bench said it wasn’t as good as the earlier design. At 65cc, the combustion chamber is slightly smaller and more efficient than the LS1. The intake runner volume influences how the combustion chamber is filled during the intake stroke. For the compression ratio formula (see Chapter 3 of the book) you need to convert measured cubic centimeters to cubic inches. 0L 355 Cast Iron VN EFI CNC Cylinder Heads for sale. Combustion chamber design is also a large factor in compression ratio. jvvgh tcvwos vrmn muvj pxej kvlx bgsjwu bjbxxx jpuvg mgy qvrqy mxcvbd gegmf jdqikf shihx